Interesting Historical Reading 1793 to 2010 / NATIONAL EMERGENCY vs, MARTIAL LAW..vs. HABEAS CORPUS..

[Sandra]

Interesting Historical Reading NATIONAL EMERGENCY vs,
MARTIAL LAW..vs. HABEAS CORPUS..


A presidential proclamation is “an instrument that states a
condition, declares a law and requires obedience, recognizes an event or
triggers the implementation of a law (by recognizing that the
circumstances in law have been realized)” (Cooper 2002, 116). In short,
presidents “define” situations or conditions on situations that become
legal or economic truth. These orders carry the same force of law as
executive orders – the difference between the two is that executive
orders are aimed at those inside government while proclamations are aimed
at those outside government. The administrative weight of these
proclamations is upheld because they are often specifically authorized by
congressional statute, making them “delegated unilateral powers.”
Presidential proclamations are often dismissed as a practical
presidential tool for policy making because of the perception of
proclamations as largely ceremonial or symbolic in nature. However, the
legal weight of presidential proclamations suggests their importance to
presidential governance.

Presidential proclamations do have important political and historical
consequences in the development of the United States, including President
Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793 and President Lincoln’s
Emancipation Proclamation in 1863.
Interesting Historical Reading NATIONAL EMERGENCY vs, MARTIAL LAW..vs.
HABEAS CORPUS..

Other more recent policy-based proclamations have also made a substantial
impact on economic and domestic policy, including President Clinton’s
declaration of federal lands for national monuments and President Bush’s
declaration of the areas affected by Hurricane Katrina as disaster
areas.

Proclamations are also used, often contentiously, to grant presidential
pardons, particularly important for President Ford who pardoned President
Richard Nixon and President Carter draft evaders in Vietnam..

Although less significant in terms of public policy, proclamations are
also used ceremonially by presidents to honor a group or situation or to
call attention to certain issues or events. For instance, President
George H.W. Bush issued a proclamation to honor veterans of World War II
and President Reagan called attention to the health of the nation’s eyes
by proclaiming a “Save Your Vision Week”.
The Power to Proclaim ... by Brandon Rottinghaus, University of
Houston

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php

GEORGE WASHINGTON
The most important document that separated the US from other Nations is
the
Proclamation 4 - Neutrality of the United States in the War Involving
Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain, and the United Netherlands
Against FranceApril 22, 1793

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=65475

It is also important to note that it was Lincoln that placed the first
Martial law and suspended the writ of Hebeas Corpus and it was Andrew
Johnson that ended marital law:
Proclamation 157 - Declaring that Peace, Order, Tranquillity, and Civil
Authority Now Exists in and Throughout the Whole of the United States of
AmericaAugust 20, 1866
This lists all the Proclamations and exec orders placed during marital
law!

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=71992&st=Martia...


ANDREW JOHNSON
Then there is this FACT: seems there were some states that wanted a bill
past that he veto as reasons he states would lead tp Marital Law in those
states:
Veto Message March 2, 1867

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=72072&st=Martia...

Veto Message March 23, 1867:

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=72119&st=Martia...

Veto MessageJuly 19, 1867:

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=72121&st=Martia...


CALVAN COOLIDGE-June 11, 1928
Address at the Fifteenth Regular Meeting of the Business Organization of
the Government
This is what he said on the subject of GOVTs support of the PEOPLE:
It would be unfortunate, however, if out of these discussions the
impression should be gained that it is the obligation of the Government
to furnish the people with prosperity.

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=460&st=national...


Abraham Lincoln first used martial law for the Purpose:
Whereas it is deemed proper that all needful measures should be taken for
the protection of such citizens

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=70134&st=Martia...


FDR first used National Emergancy for this purpose:
Whereas, in order to meet the said emergency and to provide the relief
necessary to protect the general welfare of the people, the Congress of
the United States has enacted legislation including, among other
statutes, the National Industrial Recovery Act of June 16, 1933 (Public
No. 67, 73d Congress), the Agricultural Adjustment Act of May 12, 1933
(Public No. 10, 73d Congress) and the Federal Emergency

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=14557&st=nation...


FDR...Now here might be the key to were all the other Sitting PRES have
kept this in the works..there seems to be plenty of info on them all
doing something in regards to this NEUTRATLITY deal!

125 - Proclamation 2352 - Proclaiming a National Emergency in Connection
with the Observance, Safeguarding, and Enforcement of Neutrality and the
Strengthening of the National Defense Within the Limits of Peace-Time
Authorizations September 8, 1939

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=15806&st=nation...


national emergency FROM 1789 to 2010

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php

Habeas Corpus FROM 1789 to 2010

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php

EXEC orders from ADAMS - OBAMA

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/executive_orders.php?year=1826&S...